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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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1995-02-26
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<text id=91TT2161>
<title>
Sep. 30, 1991: Telecommunications:Failing to Connect
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Sep. 30, 1991 Curing Infertility
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BUSINESS, Page 51
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Failing to Connect
</hdr><body>
<p>A major telephone outage sparks questions about the integrity of
AT&T's network and its role in air-traffic control
</p>
<p> The first sign of trouble came at about 5 p.m. last Tuesday,
when a computer display that monitors telephone traffic at AT&T's
nerve center in Bedminster, N.J., flashed from blue to magenta.
Within hours, millions of consumers were seeing red too.
</p>
<p> The problem: an electric-power failure at an AT&T
switching center had knocked out the company's long-distance
telephone service to more than 1 million customers in the New
York City area. Thousands were stranded at airports and inside
planes on runways because the outage severed communications
links between air-traffic controllers and airline pilots. By 10
p.m., more than 500 planes were on the ground waiting to take
off at the area's six airports, causing a cascade of delays as
far away as Boston, Los Angeles, Paris and Amsterdam.
</p>
<p> The breakdown was the latest in a series of embarrassing
mishaps plaguing AT&T, the premier U.S. provider of
telecommunications services. Last year a software glitch at a
New York City switching center disrupted AT&T's nationwide
network for seven hours, and last January a repair crew in
Newark shut down service to millions of consumers and businesses
when workers accidentally cut a high-capacity fiber-optic phone
cable. Last week's misadventure will not enhance AT&T's
reputation for reliability and could persuade some customers to
farm out more business to the company's rivals MCI and Sprint.
</p>
<p> AT&T's latest nightmare started Tuesday morning when the
local power company, Consolidated Edison, struggling to cope
with rising demand caused by a late-summer heat wave, asked
AT&T to help out by switching over to its own power-generation
equipment. AT&T is one of 141 companies in the New York area
that earn lower electric rates by participating in a voluntary
power-sharing arrangement. When AT&T's main transmission
facility in Manhattan switched to its generator, a power surge
tripped an emergency backup system powered by batteries. Alarms
were triggered to alert AT&T employees that the backup system
had been activated, but audio sirens malfunctioned, and visual
warnings went unnoticed for more than five hours.
</p>
<p> When the batteries ran down, the resulting power failure
immediately shut off three huge telephone switches that route
some 2 million calls an hour. The collapse disconnected the
area's airports from the Federal Aviation Administration's
control center on Long Island. As a result, air-traffic
controllers were unable to track the location of planes, and
pilots couldn't communicate with the towers, because radio
transmitters were also knocked out.
</p>
<p> The FAA contends that safety was never compromised. But
the episode raises serious questions about the agency's lack of a
backup system, as well as its overwhelming reliance on AT&T,
which handles more than 90% of the FAA's communications
traffic. The outage is expected to revive an FAA plan to spend
as much as $1 billion on a more reliable, high-tech phone
system. The project had been vetoed by the General Services
Administration as too costly.
</p>
<p> Congress and regulatory authorities are gearing up
investigations to look into the latest outage. The New York
Public Service Commission, for one, is probing whether AT&T's
participation in the power-sharing discount plan was at fault--or is appropriate, given the consequences. AT&T is launching
an in-house probe. According to the union representing telephone
workers, several technicians who would have responded to the
alarms were absent from their posts because, ironically, they
were attending a class on new alarm systems.
</p>
<p> By Thomas McCarroll
</p>
</body></article>
</text>